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II. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer.
The search for alternative sources of energy has led in various directions. Many
communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce
electricity. Converting waste products to gases or oil is also an efficient way to dispose of
waste.
Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels from coal, oil shale and coal tars.
But to date, that process has proven expensive. Other experiments are underway to
harness - power with giant windmills. Geothermal power, heat from the earth, is also being
tested.
Some experts expect utility companies to revive hydroelectric power derived from streams
and rivers. Fifty years ago hydroelectric power provided one third of the electricity used in
the United States, but today it supplies only four percent. The oceans are another potential
source of energy. Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents,
tides, and waves to electricity. Experiments are also underway to make use of the
temperature differences in ocean water to produce energy.
1. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Efficient Ways of Disposing of Waste B. The Use of Water Productions for
Energy
C. The Search for Alternative Sources of Energy D. New Discoveries in Geothermal Power
2. In the second paragraph, the phrase “synthetic fuels” could best be replaced by which of
the following?
A. Biological fuels B. Low burning fuels C. Fast burning fuels D. Artificial
made fuels
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an alternative source of
energy?
A. Burning of garbage B. Geothermal power C. Synthetic fuels
D. Electricity
4. According to the author, the impracticability of using coal, oil shale and coal tars as
sources of energy is due to ___________ .
A. their being time consuming B. their being money consuming

C. the scarcity of sources D. the lack of technology their being
money consuming
5. The word “it” in the last paragrph refers to ____.
A. alternative source B. the United States C. hydroelectric power D. Electricity
6. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Hydroelectric power will be the main source of energy
B. Synthetic fuels will be the principal source of alternative energy
C. Alternative energy will come from a variety of sources
D. All alterenative production of energy will be delivered from water.

Read the passage, then answer the questions below (2.5pts)

Are you looking for a cheap, clean, effective source of power that doesn't cause pollution or waste natural resources? Look no further than solar energy from the Sun.

At present, most of our electricity comes from the use of coal and gas, oil or nuclear power. This power could be provided by the Sun. One percent of the solar energy that reaches the Earth is enough to provide power for the total population.

Many countries are already using solar energy. Solar panels are placed on the roofs of a house and the Sun's energy is used to heat water. The energy can be stored for a number of days, so on cloudy days you can use solar energy, too.

Sweden has an advanced solar energy program. There, all buildings will be heated by solar energy and cars will use solar power instead of gas by the year 2015.

Question: Is solar energy an efficient source of power?

Read the passage, then answer the questions below

Are you looking for a cheap, clean, effective source of power that doesn't cause pollution or waste natural resources? Look no further than solar energy from the Sun.

At present, most of our electricity comes from the use of coal and gas, oil or nuclear power. This power could be provided by the Sun. One percent of the solar energy that reaches the Earth is enough to provide power for the total population.

Many countries are already using solar energy. Solar panels are placed on the roofs of a house and the Sun's energy is used to heat water. The energy can be stored for a number of days, so on cloudy days you can use solar energy, too.

Sweden has an advanced solar energy program. There, all buildings will be heated by solar energy and cars will use solar power instead of gas by the year 2015.

Is solar energy an efficient source of power?

Afford; Stand on; Indêpendent; Best; Depending; better; Shelter; diseases; luxurious; handling

On one hand, there are people live their life richly.They are ẹnoying not only the joy of essential but also the ... living. On the other hand, there are people who cannot even ... the basic requirements of living. They do not have ... to live, foood to eat, and clothes to wear. They have inadequate nutrition, higher risk of ... and lack access to heathcare and basic essential for living . They have to fight each day for life. Helping the poor is very essential. There are many ways to help the poor but i think the ... way is providing education.

Providing knowledge can help the poor to ... their feet. Education is the beginning of getting out from hardships of life. Giving free aducation to the poorhelp them to grow as individuals and help them lead a ... life. Education can help them to get a job, be employed build career and achieve success, capability of ... problems and lead a successfull life. The poor can become .... self- sufficient and better human being through the power of education. Through education, we can elp te poor to develop teir skills so that they can take over efforts to revitalize their life rather than always ... on the outsiders to do so for tem.

Afford; Stand on; Independent; Best; Depending; better; Shelter; diseases; luxurious; handling

On one hand, there are people live their life richly.They are enojying not only the joy of essential but also the ... living. On the other hand, there are people who cannot even ... the basic requirements of living. They do not have ... to live, food to eat, and clothes to wear. They have inadequate nutrition, higher risk of ... and lack access to heathcare and basic essential for living . They have to fight each day for life. Helping the poor is very essential. There are many ways to help the poor but i think the ... way is providing education.

Providing knowledge can help the poor to ... their feet. Education is the beginning of getting out from hardships of life. Giving free aducation to the poorhelp them to grow as individuals and help them lead a ... life. Education can help them to get a job, be employed build career and achieve success, capability of ... problems and lead a successful life. The poor can become .... self- sufficient and better human being through the power of education. Through education, we can help te poor to develop their skills so that they can take over efforts to revitalize their life rather than always ... on the outsiders to do so for them.

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The quest for sustainable sources of energy study the energy has led humans to study the energy potential of the sun and the wind, as well as the immense power created by dammed rivers. The oceans, too, represent an impressive source of potential energy. For example, it has been estimated that the oceans could provide nearly 3,000 times the energy generated by hydroelectric dams such as the Hoover Dam. Yet, this source remains quite difficult to exploit. But this challenge has not prevented scientists from trying. Within the last few decades, several technologies that can transform the ocean’s immense forces into usable electricity have been invented and introduced. Some focus on capturing the power of the changing tides, while others rely on thermal energy created by oceans in certain tropical regions. However, the most common and easiest-to-develop technologies are those designed to harness the power inherent in the ocean’s waves. There are several methods by which ocean-wave energy can be collected. All of them work because the movement of the water that the waves induce creates storable energy by directly or indirectly driving a power generator. In one such technology, the changing water levels in the ocean that are produced by waves lift a long floating tube comprised of many sections connected by hinges. As the sections move up and down with the water, they pump a special fluid through the tube that can be used to drive a generator. Another technique works on a similar principle, only the floating object rocks back and forth with the motion of the water instead of up and down. A third method of collecting wave energy relies on the rising water from the waves to compress air in a partially submerged chamber. As the waves rush into the chamber, they push the air out through a narrow tunnel. Located inside this tunnel is a turbine connected to a power generator. The movement of the air turns the turbine, which feeds energy into the generator. The drawback to each of these concepts is that the they make it necessary to have many pieces of machinery linked together. This presents a problem because the larger the device, the more vulnerable it is to damage from hazardous ocean environments, and the more likely it is to interfere with otherwise unspoiled coastal scenery. Also, these methods demand the construction of site-specific machines that take into consideration average local wave heights and sea conditions. Such a requirement can be quite cost-prohibitive, because engineers must create unique power generation mechanism for each site. In other words, the ability to get power from waves differ from region to region. Japan, Norway, and the UK have attempted to generate energy by capturing the power of ocean waves. In northern Scotland, the first power plan to use wave power, OSPREY ( Ocean Swell Powered Renewable Energy ), began operating in 1995. It followed the principle of the third method described above : waves entering a partially submerged chamber pushed air into turbines to generate electricity. The electricity was then transmitted to power collectors in the shore via underwater cables. Unfortunately, the OSPREY plant was destroyed in a large storm, highlighting an unavoidable difficulty associated with this kind of power generation. The potential benefits of wave-based energy are hard to ignore. Once the proper machinery is produced and installed, the energy is free. Maintenance cost are small, and the equipment does not pose any threats of environmental pollution. And best of all, the amounts of energy produced are enormous. However, these theoretical advantages have yet to be fully realized. In many cases, a lack of government funding has inhibited the technologies from advancing. For example, despite the relative abundance of proposed wave-power devices, many have not been adequately tested, and most have been evaluated only in artificial pools where they are not subjected to the harsh marine conditions that exist in actual oceans. Protecting the equipment from the sea’s destructive forces, as well as the fundamental task of determining feasible locations for collecting energy source are substantial and will require more time to overcome.

According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true about wave–power technologies?

A. Many of them use submerged objects to obtain the waves’ energy

B. Compressed air must be present for them to work properly

C. They undertake three steps in order to collect wave power

D. They rely on the water’s motion to create electricity

Read the passage, and then tick the correct answer true (T), or false (F).

Did you know that energy use is the biggest contributor to fine average Canadian home's carbon footprint? That's why the David Suzuki Foundation and Bullfrog Power are partnering to offer you a quick and easy way to switch your home to clan energy and be part of the solution to climate change. When you choose green energy, Bullfrog's generators put clean, renewable electricity and/or green natural gas (produced from organic waste, not fracking) into the grid or pipeline to match the amount of power or natural gas your home uses. Bullfrog ensures the energy going into our energy systems - on your behalf -is from clean, green sources. Bullfrog’s green electricity comes from a blend of wind and low-impact hydro power from new Canadian renewable energy facilities, with at least 50 per cent directly from your region.

David Suzuki is the CEO of Bullfrog Power.

A. True

B. False

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The quest for sustainable sources of energy study the energy has led humans to study the energy potential of the sun and the wind, as well as the immense power created by dammed rivers. The oceans, too, represent an impressive source of potential energy. For example, it has been estimated that the oceans could provide nearly 3,000 times the energy generated by hydroelectric dams such as the Hoover Dam. Yet, this source remains quite difficult to exploit. But this challenge has not prevented scientists from trying. Within the last few decades, several technologies that can transform the ocean’s immense forces into usable electricity have been invented and introduced. Some focus on capturing the power of the changing tides, while others rely on thermal energy created by oceans in certain tropical regions. However, the most common and easiest-to-develop technologies are those designed to harness the power inherent in the ocean’s waves. There are several methods by which ocean-wave energy can be collected. All of them work because the movement of the water that the waves induce creates storable energy by directly or indirectly driving a power generator. In one such technology, the changing water levels in the ocean that are produced by waves lift a long floating tube comprised of many sections connected by hinges. As the sections move up and down with the water, they pump a special fluid through the tube that can be used to drive a generator. Another technique works on a similar principle, only the floating object rocks back and forth with the motion of the water instead of up and down. A third method of collecting wave energy relies on the rising water from the waves to compress air in a partially submerged chamber. As the waves rush into the chamber, they push the air out through a narrow tunnel. Located inside this tunnel is a turbine connected to a power generator. The movement of the air turns the turbine, which feeds energy into the generator. The drawback to each of these concepts is that the they make it necessary to have many pieces of machinery linked together. This presents a problem because the larger the device, the more vulnerable it is to damage from hazardous ocean environments, and the more likely it is to interfere with otherwise unspoiled coastal scenery. Also, these methods demand the construction of site-specific machines that take into consideration average local wave heights and sea conditions. Such a requirement can be quite cost-prohibitive, because engineers must create unique power generation mechanism for each site. In other words, the ability to get power from waves differ from region to region. Japan, Norway, and the UK have attempted to generate energy by capturing the power of ocean waves. In northern Scotland, the first power plan to use wave power, OSPREY ( Ocean Swell Powered Renewable Energy ), began operating in 1995. It followed the principle of the third method described above : waves entering a partially submerged chamber pushed air into turbines to generate electricity. The electricity was then transmitted to power collectors in the shore via underwater cables. Unfortunately, the OSPREY plant was destroyed in a large storm, highlighting an unavoidable difficulty associated with this kind of power generation. The potential benefits of wave-based energy are hard to ignore. Once the proper machinery is produced and installed, the energy is free. Maintenance cost are small, and the equipment does not pose any threats of environmental pollution. And best of all, the amounts of energy produced are enormous. However, these theoretical advantages have yet to be fully realized. In many cases, a lack of government funding has inhibited the technologies from advancing. For example, despite the relative abundance of proposed wave-power devices, many have not been adequately tested, and most have been evaluated only in artificial pools where they are not subjected to the harsh marine conditions that exist in actual oceans. Protecting the equipment from the sea’s destructive forces, as well as the fundamental task of determining feasible locations for collecting energy source are substantial and will require more time to overcome.

What can be inferred from paragraph 7 about governments? 

A. They do not believe wave–energy devices can withstand ocean forces

B. Their interests often conflict with those of the energy industries

C. They demand much scientific research before they provide funding

D. Their support is often essential to the success of new endeavors

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The quest for sustainable sources of energy study the energy has led humans to study the energy potential of the sun and the wind, as well as the immense power created by dammed rivers. The oceans, too, represent an impressive source of potential energy. For example, it has been estimated that the oceans could provide nearly 3,000 times the energy generated by hydroelectric dams such as the Hoover Dam. Yet, this source remains quite difficult to exploit. But this challenge has not prevented scientists from trying. Within the last few decades, several technologies that can transform the ocean’s immense forces into usable electricity have been invented and introduced. Some focus on capturing the power of the changing tides, while others rely on thermal energy created by oceans in certain tropical regions. However, the most common and easiest-to-develop technologies are those designed to harness the power inherent in the ocean’s waves. There are several methods by which ocean-wave energy can be collected. All of them work because the movement of the water that the waves induce creates storable energy by directly or indirectly driving a power generator. In one such technology, the changing water levels in the ocean that are produced by waves lift a long floating tube comprised of many sections connected by hinges. As the sections move up and down with the water, they pump a special fluid through the tube that can be used to drive a generator. Another technique works on a similar principle, only the floating object rocks back and forth with the motion of the water instead of up and down. A third method of collecting wave energy relies on the rising water from the waves to compress air in a partially submerged chamber. As the waves rush into the chamber, they push the air out through a narrow tunnel. Located inside this tunnel is a turbine connected to a power generator. The movement of the air turns the turbine, which feeds energy into the generator. The drawback to each of these concepts is that the they make it necessary to have many pieces of machinery linked together. This presents a problem because the larger the device, the more vulnerable it is to damage from hazardous ocean environments, and the more likely it is to interfere with otherwise unspoiled coastal scenery. Also, these methods demand the construction of site-specific machines that take into consideration average local wave heights and sea conditions. Such a requirement can be quite cost-prohibitive, because engineers must create unique power generation mechanism for each site. In other words, the ability to get power from waves differ from region to region. Japan, Norway, and the UK have attempted to generate energy by capturing the power of ocean waves. In northern Scotland, the first power plan to use wave power, OSPREY ( Ocean Swell Powered Renewable Energy ), began operating in 1995. It followed the principle of the third method described above : waves entering a partially submerged chamber pushed air into turbines to generate electricity. The electricity was then transmitted to power collectors in the shore via underwater cables. Unfortunately, the OSPREY plant was destroyed in a large storm, highlighting an unavoidable difficulty associated with this kind of power generation. The potential benefits of wave-based energy are hard to ignore. Once the proper machinery is produced and installed, the energy is free. Maintenance cost are small, and the equipment does not pose any threats of environmental pollution. And best of all, the amounts of energy produced are enormous. However, these theoretical advantages have yet to be fully realized. In many cases, a lack of government funding has inhibited the technologies from advancing. For example, despite the relative abundance of proposed wave-power devices, many have not been adequately tested, and most have been evaluated only in artificial pools where they are not subjected to the harsh marine conditions that exist in actual oceans. Protecting the equipment from the sea’s destructive forces, as well as the fundamental task of determining feasible locations for collecting energy source are substantial and will require more time to overcome.

According to paragraph 5, what part did the cables play in OSPREY’s design?

A. They attached the partially submerged chamber to the sea floor 

B. They generated the electricity which was then collected in turbines

C. They conducted the electricity from the generator to the shore

D. They provided stability during powerful ocean storms.